This video from the Mon Système Fourrager channel explains the consequences of frost on silage maize and the strategies to be put in place to limit losses.
Impact of frost on silage maize
Frost affects silage maize in different ways depending on the temperature and duration of exposure:
0 to -2°C: Slowdown of photosynthesis, with no impact on the plant.
-2 to -5°C: Damage to the upper leaves, cessation of photosynthesis.
Less than -5°C: Death of the whole plant.
Aggravating factors for frost include wind, soil moisture, and the stage of maize development.
Diagnosis of frost
To diagnose frost, you need to look at the leaves:
White then brown leaves: Light gel.
Dead stem and ear: Severe frost.
It is important to wait a few days after the freeze to see the extent of the damage.
Post-freeze strategies
The strategies to be adopted depend on the stage of maize development and the extent of the damage:
Maize early in development: Allow corn to grow if damage is slight. Harvest and silage if damage is severe.
Maize at the end of development: Harvest as soon as possible to limit losses.
Frozen corn harvesting and silage
For frozen corn, it is important to:
Harvest at a humidity level of 30 to 35% for optimal fermentation.
Use an inoculant to promote the development of beneficial lactic bacteria.
Store silage in an airtight silo to avoid mold.
Tips to prevent frost
Choose maize varieties adapted to your region.
Sow maize on the right date.
Ensure good soil drainage.
Monitor weather forecasts and take preventive measures if there is a risk of frost.
By following these tips, you can minimize the impact of frost on your corn silage crop and ensure optimal production.